Summary Cross-sectional analysis of 441individualswith bipolardisorder treated at a UShealthmaintenance organisation investigated the distribution ofmanic and depressive symptomsinthat
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چکیده
441individualswith bipolardisorder treated at a UShealthmaintenance organisation investigated the distribution ofmanic and depressive symptomsinthat illness.Clinically significantdepressive symptoms occurred in 94.1% ofthosewith (hypo)mania, while 70.1% in a depressive episode had clinically significantmanic symptoms.DSM-unrecognised depression-plus-hypomaniawas over twice asprevalent as DSM-recognised mixed episodes.Depressive symptoms were unimodallydistributed in (hypo)mania.Depressive andmanic symptomswere positively, not inversely, correlated, and their co-occurrencewas associatedwithworse qualityof life. Implications for the DSMand ICD nosological systems are discussed.
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